IT glossary A

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chinese dictionary
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computer process unit
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digital radio DAB
DNS server
domain
dreamweaver tutorial
erp system
ethernet
file names
file formats
ftp client
GCC compiler
gfortran
glossary of terms
GPS
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haptic
history of the computer
HSDPA
InfoSec glossary
interface definition language
how Internet works
IP address
LED
local loop
miscellaneous
NSLU2
MAC address
open source mgt
open office
open source software
OS kernels
OSI network
pc barebones
PHP
PL/SQL
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raid
search engine marketing
service oriented architecture
smtp server
software network management
speech recognition
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unified communications
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VNC server
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wireless access protocol
wireless network
xml

b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z #

abbreviation / acronyms	term	definition
A	Ampere Anchor	Current measurement unit HTML tag, a link to another location
A/N/K	alphabetic, numeric, katakana	Pertaining to alphabetic, numeric, or katakana characters.
a11y	accessibility	There are eleven letters between the "a" and the "y".
A2A	application-to-application	An approach to enterprise application integration that provides visibility into internal systems, so that these systems can share information or business processes.
AA	anti-aliasing	the technique of minimizing the distortion artifacts known as aliasing when representing a high-resolution signal at a lower resolution
AA	automated attendant	A device, typically attached to a private branch exchange or voice mail system, that answers incoming calls.
AAA	authentication, authorization, and accounting	Also pronounced "triple a." Refers to a framework for intelligently controlling access to computer resources, enforcing policies, auditing usage, and providing the information necessary to bill for services.
AAC	Advanced Audio Coding ATM access concentrator	an audio compression format newer and more efficient than MP3, used internally by iTunes and Nintendo Wii A device used to concentrate a variety of services (such as frame relay, Internet Protocol and video) over a single ATM network access connection.
AAL	ATM adaptation layer	The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) layer where non-ATM data is converted to ATM format. The AAL serves as the "glue" that connects traditional packet and frame structures with short, fixed-length ATM cells.
AARP	AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol	Provides for the dynamic assignment of node identifiers to nodes within an AppleTalk network.
AAS	Auto Area Segmentation	Scanner technology which detects and optimizes text and graphics on the same page by Epson.
AAT	Average Access Time	The average amount of time it takes for a storage peripheral to transfer data to the CPU.
ABAP	Advanced Business Application Programming	Powerful programming language created specifically for developing SAP applications. The core development tool in SAP's R/3 system.
ABC	activity-based costing Atanasoff-Berry Computer	An approach to understanding where and why costs are incurred within an enterprise. First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes
ABEND	abnormal end	A type of system error in which a task or program fails to execute properly (i.e., "abnormally ends"). The term is also used as the name for a type of error message that indicates such a failure has occurred.
ABI	application binary interface	A set of specifications that enables an application written for one target operating system (OS) and hardware platform to run on a different OS and platform, where the two hardware platforms share the same processor type.
ABLE	Agent Building and Learning Environment	A Java framework and toolkit for constructing and deploying intelligent agents.
ABM	activity-based management	The use of activity-based costing (ABC) principles in the ongoing management of costs and resources.
ABME	asynchronous balanced mode extended	In communications, an operational mode in which modulus 128 sequence numbers are used.
ABR	Automatic Baud Rate detection	The process in which a receiving device examines the first character of an incoming message to determines its speed, code level, and stop bits.
ABR	available bit rate	An ATM service category. ABR service is conceptually similar to that of a frame relay network - a minimal cell rate is guaranteed, and bursts can be supported if the network resources allow it.
ACA	Australian Communications Authority	The Australian government body that regulates the nation's communications industries.
ACAP	Application Configuration Access Protocol	a standard for accessing program configuration information from a remote server, allowing a user to use and change their configuration from any workstation by reading or writing the values on a central server. Defined in RFC 2244.
ACC	Authorization Contract for Containers	Specification (JSR-115) that defines new java.security.Permission classes to satisfy the J2EE authorization model
ACCU	Association of C and C++ Users	A worldwide association of people who are interested in C, C++, and related programming languages.
ACD	Automatic Call Delivery automatic call distributor or distribution	feature that allows cellular & wireless phones to receive incoming calls when roaming. specialized phone system that handles many incoming calls. ACDs are used for a variety of order-taking functions, such as calls to help desks or dispatching of service technicians.
ACDI	Asynchronous Communications Device Interface	A software device that permits asynchronous transmission, a way of transmitting data in which one character is sent at a time, and there may be uneven amounts of time between characters.
ACE	access control entry Advanced CMOS-ECL Agile Communication Environment	a set of identities and permissions that are directly associated with a particular resource. Each access control entry is directly associated with only one resource. More than one ACE can be associated with each resource. A high-end processor technology introduced by Hitachi in the 1990s. Nortel SIP-based platform acquired by Avaya
ACEE	access control environment element	In RACF, a control block containing details of the current user, including user ID, current connect group, user attributes, and group authorities.
ACF	Advanced Communications Function	A family of IBM communications programs that handle tasks such as resource sharing and distribution of functions. They include ACF/Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (ACF/VTAM) and ACF/Network Control Program (ACF/NCP).
ACF2	Access Control Facility 2	A host-based security subsystem from CA (formerly Computer Associates); also known as CA-ACF2.
ACG	adaptive code generation	A technology that enables a program that uses processor features of a given system model to continue to work correctly when the program is moved to another system model that does not have all the processor features of the original model.
ACH	automated clearinghouse	A type of funds transfer network that processes debit and credit transactions between accounts from participating financial institutions.
ACI	access control information	Data that identifies the access rights of a group or principal.
ACID	atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability	Four well-established tests for verifying the integrity of business transactions in a data-processing environment.
ACK	acknowledgement	When a modem receives a data packet, it sends a signal back to the sending modem. If all the data is present and correct, it sends an ACK (acknowledgement) signal, which acts as a request for the next data packet.
ACL	Access control list application connectivity link Asynchronous Connectionless Link	A list of authorised users, processes or systems. A service that transmits out-of-band information between DirectTalk and the Siemens Hicom 300 switch. type of data packet (data only).
ACM	Association for Computing Machinery	a worldwide association of computer professionals headquartered in the United States. www.acm.org
ACMS	Application Control and Management System	A transaction-processing monitor from Compaq (now part of Hewlett-Packard); originally a product of Digital Equipment, which Compaq acquired in 1998.
ACP	array control processor	A type of processor used in storage systems.
ACPI	Advanced Configuration and Power Interface	A standard developed by Intel, Microsoft and Toshiba to improve PC power management and plug-and-play capabilities.
ACR	Allowed Cell Rate attenuation-to-crosstalk ratio	An ABR service parameter, ACR is the current rate in cells/sec at which a source is allowed to send. A measure of signal quality in network cabling.
ACRI	additional coding-related required information	A specification that is required by an encoding scheme to complete its definition, which extends beyond the character set and code page elements.
ACROSS	Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service System	Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service System
ACSE	Association Control Service Element	The method used in International Organization for Standardization's open systems interconnection (OSI) for establishing a call between two applications.
ACSLS	Automated Cartridge System Library Software	A Unix-based tape-library-sharing system from Storage Technology.
ACT	access control template	a reusable named authorization pattern that you can apply to multiple resources. An access control template consists of a list of users and groups and indicates, for each user or group, whether permissions are granted or denied.
ACU	abstract code unit	A measurement used by the z/OS XL C/C++ compiler for judging the size of a function. The number of ACUs that comprise a function is proportional to its size and complexity.
AD	Active Directory Administrative Domain	The directory service portion of the Windows 2000 operating system. AD manages the identities and relationships of the distributed resources that make up a network environment. Defined in RFC 1136. On the Internet, a group of networks, hosts, and routers operated by the same organization.
ADAPT	Architecture, Design, Analysis and Planning Tool	Architecture, Design, Analysis and Planning Tool
ADB	Apple Desktop Bus	Port on the Macintosh for a keyboard, a mouse, and other peripherals.
ADC	Advanced Direct Connect Analog to Digital Converter automated data collection	a peer-to-peer file-sharing protocol, based on the topology of the Direct Connect (DC) protocol. Often referred to A/D, the analog to digital converter is an electronic device that transforms the analog signal to digital signal, helping interconnecting the two kinds of technology/gear. The automated conversion of disparate types of information into computer records. ADC devices and technologies include bar code systems, optical character recognition and speech recognition.
ADCCP	Advanced Data Communications Control Procedures	A bit-oriented, ANSI-standard communications link-layer protocol.
ADDM	Application Discovery and Dependency Mapping Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor	BMC's application analyzes the data in Oracle’s Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) to discover the actual cause behind performance problems
ADE	Application Data Export application development environment	Technology by Oracle Databases An product that offers a range of tools or features (for example, for programming, interface development and testing) to provide a complete "environment" for developing applications.
ADF	Activity Decision Flow	The format in which models are exported from WebSphere Business Integration Workbench into WebSphere Business Modeler.
ADF	Application Development Facility automatic document feeder	An IBM program for developing IMS applications a device for feeding documents into a SCANNER automatically, sheet by sheet
admin	ADMINISTRATOR	the account name used by the system administrator under Windows NT and its successors
ADI	Analog Devices, Inc. Application Desktop Integrator	leader in high performance signal processing solutions http://www.analog.com/ Spreadsheet-based extension of Oracle Applications. It provides full-cycle accounting within the comfort and familiarity of a spreadsheet for General Ledger and Oracle Assets
ADK	Additional Decryption Key	Key to be able to decrypt data even if the private key owner is unwilling to provide the private key
ADL	Advanced Distributed Learning	A set of standards designed to facilitate the sharing of learning objects across different learning management systems.
ADM	Agile development management	Agile development management
ADMD	Administration Management Domain or Administrative Management Domain	A public e-mail message service that uses the X.400 protocol.
ADMF	Asynchronous Data Mover Facility	A IBM mainframe feature designed to enhance system performance in data moves between central and expanded storage.
ADN	Advanced Digital Network	Usually refers to a 56Kbps leased-line.
ADO	ActiveX Data Objects	A high-level data access object model introduced by Microsoft in 1996.
ADP	Accidental Damage Protection	A hardware support agreement covering physical damage to aproduct caused by or resulting from a fortuitous incident. Accidents covered include liquid spills, drop impact, electrical surges, and accidental breakage.
ADPCM	adaptive differential pulse code modulation	A speech-coding method that calculates the difference between two consecutive speech samples in standard pulse code modulation (PCM) coded telecommunications voice signals.
ADM	Application Development Manager	Oracle Siebel's product that reduce the deployment efort and application downtime and to increase the application deployment quality
ADS	Active Directory Service Asynchrous Data Switching	Windows 2000 network objects database that stores each specific network item in a central database and that may be replicated A PBX system that supports asynchronous data.
ADSI	Active Directory Services Interface Analog Display Services Interface	A Microsoft Active Directory feature that enables Windows 2000 applications to interact with other directory services without the need to know the details of the underlying protocols. Protocol that simplifies use of advanced features by displaying text messages, generated by a remote computer or central office switch, on a user's telephone display or television set.
ADSL	Asynchrous Data Switching Line	A digital local loop using copper facilities and providing greater bandwidth in one direction than the other.
ADSM	ADSTAR Distributed Storage Manager	An IBM product which provides services for backing up, archiving and restoring data files by allowing a central workstation to act as a server for networked workstations and personal computers.
ADSR	Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release	the four parameters in a basic synthesizer. While Sustain is a level control, the Attack, Decay and Release are time and ratio-dependant parameters. When a key is pressed, the Attack determines the ratio with which it reaches a top level and the begins to fall at the ratio of the Decay parameter down to the level set by the Sustain value.
ADSTAR	Automated Document Storage and Retrieval	IBM's name for its storage products business in the 1990s.
ADT	Abstract Data Type admission, discharge and transfer application deployment template	a class of data structures described by means of a set of operations rather than by physical representation, such as a class in object-oriented programming. A category of hospital software. An ADT system records admissions to, discharges from and transfers within a hospital, and maintains the hospital census. A combination of the logical deployment template and the network topology template that describes the deployment of application modules on servers and clusters.
ADTG	Advanced Data Table Gram	Microsoft Proprietary binary format for storing database data
ADUC	Active Directory Users and Computers	A snap-in in the Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
AEC	Architecture, Engineering, Construction	A computer graphics market requiring specialized applications that facilitate efficient planning, design, drafting, and analysis.
AES	Advanced Encryption Standard	A competition is currently underway to define a public 256-bit symmetric encryption algorithm that will replace DES (Data Encryption Standard).
AF	Assured Forwarding audio frequency	Using AF, a provider may offer different levels of service for IP packets received from a customer domain. Each AF class is allocated a specified amount of buffer space and bandwidth a frequency within the range of human hearing, 20 to 20,000 hertz
AFC	antiferromagnetically coupled	A type of storage media that uses an advanced magnetic coating expected to dramatically increase hard disk drive (HDD) capacity. IBM shipped the first AVC-based storage products in 2001.
AFI	Authority and Format Identifier	This identifier is part of the network level address header.
AFIS	Automated Fingerprint Identification System	a biometric ID methodology that uses digital imaging technology to obtain, store, and analyze fingerprint data. The AFIS was originally used by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in criminal cases.
AFK	Away From Keyboard	An example of Internet shorthand used in chat rooms, E-Mail, and instant messages.
AFP	Advanced Function Printing Apple Filing Protocol	An IBM all-points-addressable enterprisewide print architecture. A client/server protocol used by Apple file service to share files and network services. AFP uses TCP/IP and other protocols to support communication between computers on a network.
AFL	Academic Free License	permissive free software license written in 2002 by Lawrence E. Rosen
AGC	Automatic Gain Control	Most often used in audio circuits; an electronic circuit which automatically increases the volume when someone is speaking quietly and drops the volume when someone is speaking loudly, to keep the transmitted signal constant.
AGP	Accelerated Graphics Port	An Intel technology for desktop systems. It increases system performance by offloading graphic requirements from the system bus to a bus dedicated to video processing.
AHCI	Advanced Host Controller Interface	an interface specification that allows the storage driver to enable advanced SATA features such as Native Command Queuing and hot plug.
AHP	analytical hierarchy process	A process that uses hierarchical decomposition to deal with complex information in multicriterion decision making, such as information technology vendor and product evaluation.
AI	Adobe Illustrator artificial intelligence	A draw program for Macintosh and Windows. It is especially useful for technical drawing. the use of computers to simulate human thinking. Artificial intelligence is concerned with building computer programs that can solve problems creatively
AIA	Application Integration Architecture	Application Integration Architecture
AID	attention identifier	A character in a data stream that is sent to the host system when a display station user presses an AID key. Typical AID keys are function keys or the Clear, Enter, Page Up, Page Down, Help, Print, and Home keys.
AIM	AOL Instant Messenger	an application that allows computer users to correspond with friends while online
AIN	Advanced Intelligent Network	Introduced by AT&T Network Systems in 1991, AIN enables service providers to define, test and introduce new multimedia messaging, personal-communication and cell-routing services.
AIOD	Automatic Identified Outward Dialing	An option on a PBX that specifies the extension number instead of the PBX number on outward calls. Used for internal billing.
AIP	Advanced Inspection and Prevention	Cisco ASA add-in modules
AIR	Additive Increase Rate	An ABR service parameter, AIR controls the rate at which the cell transmission rate increases. It is signaled as AIRF, where AIRF = AIR*Nrm/PCR.
AIT	Advanced Intelligent Tape	An eight-millimeter helical-scan tape drive designed and manufactured by Sony. Sony has differentiated its AIT drive from other 8-millimeter tape drives with a unique media feature on the tape cartridge called memory in cassette (MIC).
AIX	Advanced Interactive Executive	AIX is an operating system developed by IBM and is in fact Unix-based.
Ajax	Asynchronous JavaScript and XML	A way of including content in a web page in which javascript code in the web page fetches some data from a server and displays it without re-fetching the entire surrounding page at the same time (hence the 'Asynchronous')
AJP	Apache JServ Protocol	Binary, packet-oriented protocol bridging the web server with the servlet container. The web server attempts to maintain persistent TCP connections to the servlet container, and to reuse a connection for multiple request/response cycles
AL PA	Arbitrated Loop Physical Address	In Fibre Channel transmissions, an 8-bit value used to identify a participating device in an arbitrated loop.
ALET	access list entry token	A token that serves as an index into an access list.
ALG	Application Layer Gateway	Used in conjuction with NAT to allow IP address translation
ALGOL	ALGOrithmic Language	a pair of programming languages that had a strong impact on programming language design.
ALI	Application layer interface	The ALI forms the interface for the application layer in the OSI reference model. It provides a clearly defined separation of communication and application
ALM	Application Life Cycle Management Asset Lifecycle Management Asynchronous Line Multiplexer	the facility for common process workflow and consolidation of planning, management, measurement and reporting of work item activities in the development process. Asset Lifecycle Management A device that connects multiple terminals or other serial interface devices to Sun network file servers or workstations. Also known as "multiple terminal interface."
ALP	Application Layer Program / Protocol	A program or network protocol at the Application Layer
ALSA	Advanced Linux Sound Architecture	Linux kernel component intended to replace the original Open Sound System for providing drivers for sound cards.
ALT	alternative	Used in an HTML tag for the benefit of people using nongraphical browsers, or for people using a browser with graphics turned off. A top-level category of "alternative" USENET newsgroups. The Alt key on the keyboard of PC compatibles, typically used in conjunction with other keys.
ALU	Alcatel-Lucent arithmetic logic unit	A leader in fixed, mobile and converged broadband networking, IP and optics technologies, applications and services www.alcatel-lucent.com A CPU's core element, which carries out arithmetic computations.
AM	Amplitude Modulation	A particular technology, most commonly used in radio broadcasting, where blending a modulated signal into a carrier wave by varying the amplitude of the carrier creates the final transmit frequency.
AMA	automatic message accounting	A function that automatically documents billing data related to subscriber-dialed long-distance calls.
AMD	Active Matrix Display Advanced Microchip Devices architected model-driven	LCD technology, used for computer screens, in which there is a transistor for each pixel, which prevents losing image quality between scans. A semiconductor manufacturer and is a major competitor of Intel. They manufacture the Athlon, Duron, and K6 CPU chips. www.amd.com SOA tools that automate models and rules
AME	Advanced Metal Evaporated	A media formulation manufactured by Sony for use in its consumer and computer product lines.
ami	Analyze, Metricate, Improve	A method for software project management and process improvement.
AMI	advanced metering infrastructure Alternate Mark Inversion Application Messaging Interface	utility-focused applications Line coding format used on T1 facilities that transmits ones by alternate positive and negative pulses. The programming interface provided by WebSphere MQ that defines a high level interface to message queuing services.
AML	Anti-Money-Laundering Astronomical Markup Language	Verify the identity of any person seeking to open an account, determine the source and destination of their funding, and check the account opener's name against any government-provided lists of known or suspected terrorists or terrorist organizations. A standardized format for exchange of metadata related to astronomy. This language will enhance the ability of astronomers to retrieve scientific data, and make it possible for humans and intelligent agents to use the same information.
AMMA	Advanced Memory Management Architecture	Strategies for providing sufficient memory to all the processes in a computer system, performed by the memory management unit.
AMP	ampere (A) amplifier Asymmetric Multi-Processing	a measurement of electrical current. One coulomb flowing per second. a term used for devices that increase output of sound or electrical voltage or current. an option built into many current operating systems to share CPU functions between two mirrored servers.
AMPS	Advanced Mobile Phone System	The original standard specification for analog systems. Used primarily in North America, Latin America, Australia and parts of Russia and Asia.
AMR	Audio Modem Riser	an Intel specification that defines a new architecture for the design of motherboards.
AMRF	Action Message Retention Facility	A z/OS facility that, when active, retains all action messages except those specified by the installation.
AMS	access method services	A multifunction utility named IDCAMS that is used to manage catalogs, devices, and both VSAM and non-VSAM data sets.
AMT	Active Management Technology address mapping table	Allows the IT team to better discover, heal, and protect their networked computing assets A table that provides a current mapping of node addresses to hardware addresses.
AMTA	American Mobile Telecommunications Association	AMTA represents and promotes the interest of specialized wireless communications, meeting the educational, informational and regulatory needs of licensees and related businesses. See them at AMTAUSA.ORG.
ANDF	Architecture-Neutral Distribution Format	an emerging OSF standard for software distribution. Programs are compiled into ANDF before distribution, and executables are produced from it for the local target system.
ANI	Automatic Number Identification	The number associated with the telephone station from which switched calls are originated or terminated.
Anon FTP	Anonymous FTP	A method for downloading and uploading files using FTP protocol without having a username or a password. In place of a username, word "anonymous" is used, and in place of a password, email address is usually used.
ANOVA	analysis of variance	A form of statistical analysis.
ANR	automatic network routing	In High-Performance Routing (HPR), a highly efficient routing protocol that minimizes cycles and storage requirements for routing network layer packets through intermediate nodes on the route.
ANSI	American National Standards Institute	the main industrial standardization organization in the United States. There are official ANSI standards in almost all industries, and many of them have to do with computers. www.ansi.org
ANX	Automotive Network Exchange	Established by the Automotive Industry Action Group to offer extranet-based applications to suppliers of Chrysler, Ford and General Motors.
AOA	angle of arrival	Based on triangulation, a method of processing cellular phone signals, AOA allows the physical position of switched-on wireless devices to be located.
AOCE	Apple Open Collaboration Environment	Macintosh System 7 extensions that make it possible to share e-mail, directory, and other services in a multiplatform environment.
AoE	Ata Over Ethernet	Network protocol designed for simple, high-performance access of SATA storage devices over Ethernet networks. It gives the possibility to build SANs with low-cost, standard technologies
AOF	Advanced Open File application object file	Backup exec option backs up open files during a backup job An ASCII text file that contains the names of the global description file and the component description files, which together describe the management characteristics of an application.
AOL	America Online	Founded in 1985, America Online, based in Dulles, Virginia, has become the world's leader in interactive services, Web brands, Internet technologies, and e-commerce services. www.aol.com
AOR	Address of Record	An SIP term, an AOR provides a single public address for all telecommunications. The AOR can be mapped across multiple devices and media types.
AP	access point	a hardware device or a computer's software that acts as a communication hub for users of a wireless device to connect to a wired LAN. APs are important for providing heightened wireless security and for extending the physical range of service a wireless user has access to.
APA	all-points addressable	Able to address, reference, and position text, overlays, and images at any defined position or picture element (pel) on the printable area of the paper.
APaaS	application platform as a service	application platform as a service
APACS	Association for Payment Clearing Services	The organization that manages U.K. payment systems.
APaRT	automated packet recognition/translation	Technology that allows a server to be attached to CDDI or FDDI without requiring the reconfiguration of applications or network protocols.
APC	asynchronous procedure call American Power Conversion Antenna Phase Center	A kernel-defined control object which represents a procedure that is called asynchronously within a particular thread context. American Power Conversion A theoretical point in the guidance receiver for which a position is derived.
APDU	application-layer protocol data unit	In OSI, a protocol data unit in the application layer.
APF	Automated Purposing Framework	Collection of scripts and utilities that enable you to consistently and reliably prepare computer hardware (BIOS, mass storage) and install the Windows operating system and layered products on one or more build computers
API	Application Programming Interface	An interface to a computer operating system or software program that gives other programs access to functions similar to those offered to users through a graphical user interface.
APM	Active policy management Advanced Power Management application performance management	analyzes unstructured content in documents and e-mails, and applies the appropriate rules for access, life cycle management and oversight. A feature from Intel and Microsoft for battery-powered computers, which powers-down or the display when the computer has been inactive for a certain length of time in order to conserve power. application performance management
APML	Attention Profiling Markup Language	used to consolidate and aggregate individual users' ranked interests
APNIC	Asia Pacific Network Information Center	Nonprofit Internet registry organization for the Asia Pacific region. The other Internet registries are currently IANA, RIPE NCC, and InterNIC. http://www.apnic.net/
APO	Advanced Planner and Optimizer	A supply-chain-planning suite from SAP.
APOT	Alternate (Additional) Point of Termination	form identifies specific collocation terminations at the ICDF frame where the CLEC "UNE termination cables" are terminated. These terminations are used for the purpose of ordering UNEs, Ancillary Services, or Finished Services.
app	application	a computer program that performs useful work not related to the computer itself. Examples include WORD PROCESSORs, PRESENTATION GRAPHICS programs
APPC	Advanced Program-to-Program Communication	The programming interface to LU 6.2, IBM's protocol for peer-to-peer program communication under Systems Network Architecture (SNA).
APPN	Advanced Peer to Peer Networking	IBM data communications support that routes data between Advanced Peer-to-Peer Communication (APPC) systems to enable users anywhere on the network to have direct communication with each other.
APR	Apache Portable Runtime	Its mission is to provide a free library of C data structures and routines, forming a system portability layer to as many operating systems as possible, including Unices, MS Win32, BeOS and OS/2
APS	advanced planning and scheduling Automatic Protection Switching	A subcomponent of supply chain planning (SCP) that focuses on manufacturing planning and scheduling. A mean for automatically detecting and signalling a transmission link failure
APWG	Anti-Phishing Working Group	an international membership organization that seeks to eliminate fraud based on attacks from phishing and e-mail spoofing. These attacks hurt legitimate businesses as the attackers fraudulently use the identity of an established organization in their attack.
AQCB	Automated Quote Contract Billing	System used to price non-tariffed products and services.
AR	Access Rate Augmented reality	The data rate of the user access channel. The rate (maximum) at which access devices can offer data to the frame relay network a technology that superimposes graphics, audio and other virtual enhancements over a live view of the real world. It is this "real world" element that differentiates AR from virtual reality.
ARA	Apple Remote Access	Communication software designed to offer remote access to an AppleTalk-compatible network via an ARA server.
ARAD	architected rapid application development	SOA tools that automate models and rules
ARAG	AntiReflection AntiGlare	There are add-on screens for monitors that eliminate screen glare and protect the user’s eyes.
ARCNET	Attached Resource Computer NETwork	a LAN protocol, similar in purpose to Ethernet or Token Ring.
ARD	Automatic Ring Down	Private line connecting a station instrument in one location with a station instrument in another location. When station one is off hook, station two rings. Also called "hot line".
ARIN	American Registry for Internet Numbers	the Internet registry service for North and South America, as well the Carribean and sub-Saharan Africa. http://arin.net/
ARL	ABLE Rule Language	A rule-based programming language that is used to express business logic outside of program logic. ARL provides tight integration with Java objects, and the tooling provided with ABLE is based on the Eclipse platform.
ARM	Advanced RISC Machines	a RISC processor find most of their use on hand-held machines and PDAs. Currently owned by Intel, and currently produced by both the above and Digital/Compaq.
ARP	Address Resolution Protocol	A method for finding a host's Ethernet address from its Internet address. It works like this: The sender broadcasts an ARP packet containing the Internet address of another host and waits for it to send back its Ethernet address.
ARPANET	Advance Research Projects Agency Network	A packet-switched network developed in the early 1970s. The “father” of today’s Internet. ARPANET was decommissioned in June 1990. http://www.arpa.mil/
ARQ	automatic repeat request	A modem status signal indicated by a light on the modem; in cases of transmissions errors, the ARQ is a request to the sender to retransmit.
ARS	automatic route selection	Device (or software) which chooses the lowest cost route for long-distance calls over specific lines or services, including WATS, leased, specialized non-Bell common carriers or direct distance dialing (DDD).
ARTS	Association for Retail Technology Standards	Data Model standard
ARu	audio response unit	Output device which provides a spoken response to digital inquiries from a telephone or other device. The response is usually assembled by a computer from a prerecorded vocabulary of words.
AS/400	Application System/400	A midrange computer system introduced by IBM in 1988 as a replacement for its System/36 and System/38 product families.
AS2	Applicability Statement 2	a specification for EDI between businesses using the Internet's Web page protocol, HTTP. The specification is an extension of the earlier version, Applicability Statement 1 (AS1).
ASA	average speed of answer	A standard quantitative method for measuring the speed at which call center calls are answered.
ASBR	Autonomous System Boundary Router	ASBRs run both OSPF and another routing protocol, such as RIP. ASBRs must reside in a nonstub OSPF area.
ASC	Abstract Syntax Checker	In OSI, a utility program for OSI Communications Subsystem that processes user-specified ASN.1 statements
ASCII	American Standard Code for Information Interchange	pronounced ask-key, standard way of encoding characters into digital codes. An ASCII file is taken to mean a text file containing unformatted text that is, characters but not information about fonts, sizes and so on.
ASE	Adaptive Server Enterprise application service element	relational database management system product of Sybase Corporation, is a direct descendant of Sybase SQL Server. A set of functions in the application layer of OSI that provides a capability for the interworking of application entities for a specific purpose on a single application association.
ASF	Advanced Streaming Format Automatic Sheet Feeder	set of standards from Microsoft that is utilized in WMP7 technology. The technology dictates the different ways printers feed paper. Dot matrix printers usually run on a continuous Web of paper while laser printers or ink jet type printers are generally single sheet. They are also often referred to as page printers.
ASIC	Application-Specific Integrated Circuit	A chip with custom-built hardware circuits for a particular set of functions. ASICs are commonly used in networking devices to maximize performance and provide integration of multiple functions into a single chip.
ASIF	access security information field	In SNA, a field within Function Management Header Type 5 (FMH-5), which is used to convey security information.
ASIS	access security information subfield	In SNA, a subfield within Function Management Header Type 5 (FMH-5), which is used to convey security information.
ASLR	Address Space Layout Randomization	a process which entails arranging the positions of major data areas randomly in virtual address space. Microsoft's Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 have ASLR enabled by default
ASLS	Analog Single Line Station	a telephony term. An extension port on a PABX/KSU that will allow a standard household type phone to interface with the system.
ASM	Automatic Storage Management	Oracle 10g database feature that provides the database administrator with a simple storage management interface that is consistent across all server and storage platforms
ASN	Abstract Syntax Notation	The International Organization for Standardization's OSI language for describing abstract syntax.
ASN.1	Abstract Syntax Notation One	In OSI, a notation for defining data structures and data types. The notation is defined in international standards ISO 8824/ITU X.208 and ISO 8825/ITU X.209.
ASN	autonomous system number	A number assigned to a local network, registered into the carrier's routing community and placed under the umbrella of an administrative domain called an autonomous system
ASP	Abstract Service Primitive Active Server Pages Application Service Provider Average Selling Price	Implementation-independent description of interaction between service-user and service-provider at particular service boundary, as defined by OSI. a Microsoft technology, allows programmers to develop custom code that works with Microsoft's IIS. Sometimes refered to as an "app-on-tap," this is a third-party company that distributes software-based services from a central location to customers in other locations. This term is used in the microchip manufacturing world. Companies like AMD and Intel strive for high ASPs. The ASP is an indication not only of direct profits, but how well a company is keeping up with the technology curve.
ASPI	Advanced SCSI Programming Interface	An interface from Adaptec that allows application programs to access SCSI hardware. See SCSI.
ASPX	Active Server Pages eXtended	Dynamic web pages engine for the Microsoft .NET framework
ASQ	Automated Software Quality	The use of software tools, such as automated testing tools, to improve software quality.
ASR	Automatic Send and Receive automatic speech recognition Automated system recovery	Any one of several devices designed to transmit and receive data unattended, in contrast with RO, "receive only" devices. Another name for speech recognition technology. One of several backup mechanisms on Windows XP. ASR is intended to be taken infrequently, whenever there are changes in the system.
ASV	Approved Scanning Vendor	Company approved by the PCI SSC to conduct external vulnerability scanning services.
AT	Advanced Technology	the class of IBM PCs originally introduced in 1984 using the 80286 microprocessor and a 16-bit bus
AT&T	American Telephone And Telegraph	The USA's major common carrier for long distance telephone lines.
ATA	Advanced Technology Attachment Analog Telephone Adaptor	An integrated bus usually used between host processors and disk drives. Used interchangeably with IDE. connects the conventional telephone to the Internet, converts the analog voice signals into IP packets, delivers dial tone and manages the call setup.
ATAG	Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines	W3C recommendation that explains how to develop authoring tools that make it easier to produce accessible Web pages that conform to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
ATAPI	AT Attachment Packet Interface	A hardware and software specification that documents the interface between a host computer and CD-ROM drives using the ATA bus.
ATB	all trunks busy	A single tone interrupted at a 120 impulses per minute (ipm) rate to indicate all lines or trunks in a routing group are busy.
ATCA	Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture	ATCA provides the telecommunications industry with an opportunity to adopt a standard architecture for a broad spectrum of products, including wireless access, wireless core networks, and IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS network elements.
ATG	advanced technology group Art Technology Group	A group charged with researching, tracking and evaluating emerging technologies for an enterprise, and with prototyping and piloting advanced-technology projects prior to deployment. A developer of online customer relationship management applications, headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
ATI	Allied Telesyn International	Networking hardware manufacturer
ATL	Active Template Library automated tape library	A group of routines provided by Microsoft that can be used to help more easily create ASP, ActiveX, and COM objects in C++. A system used for high-capacity, tape-based data storage. ATLs typically have dozens of drives and can accommodate hundreds tape cartridges.
ATLAS	Authorization Token Layer Acquisition Service	Describes the service needed to acquire authorization tokens to access a target system using the CSIv2 protocol. This design defines a single interface with which a client acquires an authorization token
ATM	Adobe Type Manager asynchronous transfer mode automated teller machine	a software program or system extension manufactured by Adobe Systems that is used to enhance the display of screen fonts on computer monitors, a transfer mode for switching and transmission that efficiently and flexibly organizes information into cells. It is asynchronous in the sense that the recurrence of cells depends on the required or instantaneous bit rate. A public banking machine that customers can access by inserting or swiping a magnetic card and entering a password.
ATO	assemble to order	A strategy allowing a product or service to be made to meet the custom requirements of a specific order, where a large number of such customized products can be assembled in various forms from common components.
ATP	AppleTalk Transaction Protocol available to promise	In AppleTalk networks, a protocol that provides client/server request and response functions for hosts accessing the Zone Information Protocol (ZIP) for zone information. The uncommitted portion of a company's inventory or planned production. This figure is frequently calculated from the master production schedule and is maintained as a tool for order promising.
ATPCO	Airline Tariff Publishing Company	The central database where airlines file and publish their fares
ATRAC	Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding	Audio compression algorithm, introduced by Sony for its Mini Disk, which relies on the masking of low-amplitude frequency components by temporaly adjacent high-amplitude components
ATTIS	AT&T Information Systems	A division of AT&T Technologies that supplies and manufactures customer premises equipment (CPE).
ATU-C / ATU-R	ADSL Transmission Unit, Central or Remote	Device at end of ADSL line that stands between line and first item of equipment in subscriber premises or telephone switch. May be integrated within access node.
ATUL	ADSL Termination Unit Remote	ATUR is the ADSL modem or PC card that physically terminates an ADSL connection at the end user’s location.
ATVEF	Advanced TV Enhancement Forum	A standard for creating enhanced, interactive television content and for delivering that content to a range of television, set-top, and PC-based receivers (http://www.atvef.com).
ATX	Advanced Technology eXtended	A particular set of characteristics defining a generic type of motherboard, power supply and chassis combination. The definition came from Intel, along with a consortium of hardware and software makers to define the ability of the design.
AUDIT	AUtomated Data Input Terminal	AUtomated Data Input Terminal
AUI	Attachment Unit Interface	a device that contains a 15-bit pin, or socket, and is used to connect a Network Interface Card (NIC) with a standard Ethernet cable.
AUIML	Abstract User Interface Markup Language	An XML implementation that provides a platform and technology-neutral method of representing windows, wizards, property sheets, and other user interface elements.
AUP	acceptable use policy	a policy that a user must agree to follow in order to be provided with access to a network or to the Internet.
AUTOEXEC	Automatic Execution	When a program is executed on it's own.
AUX	auxiliary device	A peripheral device that may perform a useful function but is not necessary for the operation of the computer. Examples are printers, scanners, and modems.
AV	Anti Virus Audio Video or Visual	Anti Virus software pertaining to the recording and reproduction of sounds and pictures
AVD	alternate voice data	A single transmission facility which can be used for either voice or data.
AVED	AntiVirus Emergency Discussion list	A mailing list for professional antivirus researchers allowing them to alert other researchers to emerging or ongoing 'crisis' or 'emergency' virus events.
AVI	Audio/Video Interleaved	AVI is the most common format for audio/video data on the personal computer.
AVK	Application Verification Kit	Tool intended to help developers test their applications for correct use of J2EE APIs and portability across J2EE compatible application servers, and to help developers avoid inadvertently writing non-portable code
AVS	Application Visualisation System	a portable modular UNIX-based graphics package supported by a consortium of vendors including Convex, DEC, IBM, HP, SET Technologies, Stardent and WaveTracer.
AVST	Applied Voice & Speech Technologies	Applied Voice & Speech Technologies
AVVID	Architecture for Voice, Video and Integrated Data	An architectural approach for integrating enterprise voice, video and data traffic over IP-based networks, introduced by Cisco Systems in 1999.
AWD	Access Workflow Designer	Organize and track information
AWE	Advanced WavEffects	A series of sound cards from Creative Labs that includes the Sound Blaster AWE 32, the Sound Blaster AWE64, and the AWE64 Gold.
AWT	Abstract Window Toolkit	In Java programming, a collection of GUI components that were implemented using native-platform versions of the components. These components provide that subset of functionality which is common to all operating system environments.
	AC97	The popular audio system from Realtek.
	acoustic coupler	A special type of modem that converts acoustic energy (sound waves) into electrical energy, allowing a standard telephone handset to be attached to a computer or data terminal for data transmission.
	ActiveX	A Microsoft technology that facilitates various Internet applications, and therefore extends and enhances the functionality of Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser. Like Java, ActiveX enables the development of interactive content.
	Activity Streams	a publish/subscribe notification mechanism that provides frequent updates to subscribers about the activities or events that relate to another individual.
	Ada	a programming language developed in the late 1970s for the U.S. Department of Defense.
	Ad Hoc Network	A decentralized wireless network in which each node is capable of forwarding data to other nodes without relying on an established access point. An ad hoc network can be created spontaneously as needed and requires no permanent infrastructure.
	Aero	The new user interface for Windows Vista, except for the Start and Home Basic editions.
	air interface	a cellular industry term. It refers to the system that ensures compatibility between subscriber terminal equipment (i.e. cell phones and PDAs) and base stations. It involves the specification of channel frequencies and widths,
	air PBX	an IP-PBX system in which traditional PBX desk phones are replaced by cell phones. The implementation can be via WLAN or cellular. Devices using software telephone ("softphone") technology can use all functions provided by the call manager.
	always-on	An internet connection which remains on 24/7 such as ADSL or cable, rather than only connecting on demand like a dialup.
	Android	Linux based operating system that is backed by Google and the other members of the Open Handset Alliance.
	Anonymous	With no traceability; unable to ascertain the actual identity of the claimed identity; very likely to imply naming that is intentionally opaque. Anonymous FTP: Service supported by many Internet hosts. Typically, allows user to download documents, files, programs, and other publicly accessible data using FTP.
	antenna	A metallic device used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. An antenna can be a passive or active device.
	applet	This a Java program that can be embedded in a Web page. The difference between a standard Java application and a Java applet is that an applet can't access system resources on the local computer.
	archive	Data that is important information, stored for a long period of time in some recording media such as magnetic tapes, storage arrays or other non-active hard disks.
	atom	Atom is an alternate XML format for easily sharing content, much like RSS Really Simple Syndication (format). Blogs on http://www.blogger.com/ for example, publish Atom feeds.
	Autonomous Vehicles	can drive itself from a starting point to a predetermined destination in "autopilot" mode using various in-vehicle technologies and sensors, including GPS navigation technology
	avatar	A graphical icon that represents a real person in a cyberspace system. When you enter the system, you can choose from a number of fanciful avatars. Sophisticated 3D avatars even change shape depending on what they are doing A common name for the superuser account on UNIX systems. The other common name is root.
	AZERTY	The standard French language keyboard layout. Term comes from the first six letters below the row of numbers.

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